Под профилактической дезинфекцией понимают комплекс мер, направленных на уничтожение патогенных микроорганизмов. Во время дезинфекции могут обеззараживаться различные поверхности, воздух и вода. Профилактическая дезинфекция позволяет предотвратить распространение инфекции на определенной территории.
Профилактическая дезинфекция бывает следующих видов:
— Плановая. Она включает процедуры по обеззараживанию поверхностей, на которых с большой вероятностью могут скапливаться вредоносные микроорганизмы, и воздуха. Чаще всего такая дезинфекция проводится в местах большого скопления людей, например, поликлиниках, учебных учреждениях.
— Эпидемиологическая. Такая дезинфекция должна проводиться при вспышках эпидемий в целях воспрепятствования их дальнейшему распространению. Обработке туманом подвергаются большие пространства, такие как объекты транспорта, торговые площади, а также личные вещи граждан, оказавшихся в очагах заражения.
— Санитарно-гигиеническая. Этот тип дезинфекции характерен для медицинских заведений. Он включает обработку рук медицинского персонала и кожи пациента перед проведением каких-либо процедур.
Сейчас существует множество средств для проведения дезинфекции. В этой роли могут выступать как простое мыло или спиртовой антисептик, так и сильнодействующие химические вещества.
Дезинфекция может проводиться одним из следующих методов:
— Механическим. Такой метод подразумевает следующие мероприятия: стирка, влажная уборка, мытье рук, уборка с помощью пылесоса.
— Физическим. Этот метод может включать в себя глажку, отпаривание, пастеризацию, прокаливание и ошпаривание кипятком.
— Химическим. Во время дезинфекции производится обработка объекта дезинфицирующими средствами.
— Биологическим. Этот метод имеет довольно узкую сферу применения. Он используется с целью обеззараживания сточных вод и очистки водоемов. Используя специальные биологические препараты, удается заменять вредные микроорганизмы в воде нейтральными. Этот метод в отличие от химического не наносит ущерба окружающей среде и безопасен для людей.
Наиболее эффективным способом проведения дезинфекции считается комбинирование различных методов, поскольку так удается подстроиться под требования конкретной ситуации.
Необходимость
Профилактическая дезинфекция призвана предотвращать распространение заболеваний. Проводиться она должна регулярно, независимо от эпидемиологической обстановки. Среди постоянно реализуемых процедур профилактической дезинфекции можно выделить следующие:
— Пастеризация молочной продукции.
— Дезинфицирование воды в системе водоснабжения.
— Облучение воздуха ультрафиолетом в медицинских учреждениях.
— Вентилирование многолюдных помещений: кинотеатров, торговых центров.
— Регулярная влажная уборка, включающая применение дезинфицирующих средств.
К объектам, на которых мероприятия профилактической дезинфекции должны проводиться постоянно, относят: учебные и медицинские учреждения, предприятия, производящие продукты питания, общественный транспорт, любые места скопления людей.
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